MOSFET working

The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used for switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic devices.  The MOSFET is a core of integrated circuit and it can be designed and fabricated in a single chip because of these very small sizes.  The MOSFET is a four terminal device with source(S), gate (G), drain (D) and body (B) terminals. The body of the MOSFET is frequently connected to the source terminal so making it a three terminal device like field effect transistor. The MOSFET is very far the most common transistor and can be used in both analog and digital circuits.

The MOSFET works by electronically varying the width of a channel along which charge carriers flow (electrons or holes).  The charge carriers enter the channel at source and exit via the drain. The width of the channel is controlled by the voltage on an electrode is called gate which is located between source and drain. It is insulated from the channel near an extremely thin layer of metal oxide. The MOS capacity present in the device is the main part

Depletion Mode__

Enhancement Mode_

Depletion  Mode:

When there is no voltage on the gate, the channel shows its maximum conductance. As the voltage on the gate is either positive or negative,  the channel conductivity decreases.

Enhancement mode:-
When there is no voltage on the gate the device does not conduct. More is the voltage on the gate, the better the device can conduct.

MOSFET Operation

The working of a MOSFET depends upon the MOS capacitor. The MOS capacitor is the main part of MOSFET. The semiconductor surface at the below oxide layer which is located between source and drain terminals. It can be inverted from p-type to n-type by applying positive or negative gate voltages.

When we apply positive gate voltage the holes present under the oxide layer with a repulsive force and holes are pushed downward with the substrate. The depletion region populated by the bound negative charges which are associated with the acceptor atoms. The electrons reach channel is formed. The positive voltage also attracts electrons from the n+ source and drain regions into the channel. Now, if a voltage is applied between the drain and source, the current flows freely between the source and drain and the gate voltage controls the electrons in the channel. If we apply negative voltage, a hole channel will be formed under the oxide layer.

P-channel MMoSFET

The drain and source are heavily doped p+ region and the substrate is in n-type. The current flows due to the flow of positively charged holes also known as p-channel MOSFET. When we apply negative gate voltage, the electrons present beneath the oxide layer experience repulsive force and they are pushed downward in to the substrate, the depletion region is populated by the bound positive charges which are associated with the donor atoms. The negative gate voltage also attracts holes from p+ source and drain region into the channel region.

N-Channel MMosFET

The drain and source are heavily doped n+ region and the substrate is p-type. The current flows due to the flow of negatively charged electrons, also known as n-channel MOSFET. When we apply the positive gate voltage the holes present beneath the oxide layer experience repulsive force and the holes are pushed downwards in to the bound negative charges which are associated with the acceptor atoms. The positive gate voltage also attracts electrons from n+ source and drain region in to the channel thus an electron reach channel is formed.